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Within the past decades a lot of investigations were carried out, which were of a complex and integrated nature and performed on a semi-industrial scale under full-scale conditions.
Among them the following R&D works should be emphasized:
- heat exchange, circulation and conditions of deposition of impurities in boiling oxygen channels of condenser-evaporators;
- unsteady heat exchange and hydrodynamic processes in branched lengthy cryogenic lines;
heat transfer and pump-down processes in heat insulation spaces of cryogenic equipment;
- simulation, development of methods and calculation programs of multi-flow plate-fin heat exchangers;
- processes of subcooling and long-term storage of cryogenic liquids;
- heat-and-mass transfer and hydrodynamics at distillation of mixtures on highly efficient sieve trays and regular packings;
- transfer processes at highly efficient turboexpander stages and in turboexpander-compressor units;
- cool-down and cryostatting of immersion-type and circulating superconducting magnets;
processes of forevacuum and high-vacuum pump-down of cryogenic space simulators;
- research and development of cryosorption vacuum pumps with porous screens.
Implementation of results
The results of the R&D works have found their practical implementation in a number of large projects, among which are the following:
- a series of large ASPs Type ÊÀð-30 and ÊòÊ-35 ( 90 plants) ) for iron and steel industry;
- creation of production facility for obtaining liquid nitrogen and of infrastructure for its delivery to launch complexes;
- space simulators, including the largest in Europe simulators of volumes 400, 1000, 3000, and 10000 m3;
- systems for storage and filling of cryogenic components for four space centers: Baikonur, Plesetsk, Shar (India), Sea Launch (USA);
- systems for storage/ re-cooling and filling with liquid hydrogen and oxygen of space-rocket complex Energia - Buran;
- helium liquefiers and refrigerators, systems of cryostatting the superconducting magnets for Tokamak-15 and accelerator of Institute of High Energy Physics in Protvino.
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